How would you design a satellite that orbits the earth and passively maintains a temperature of 300K +/- 10K?

Mechanical Engineering Heat Transfer
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Constraint: The satellite can have no active control system

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I would wrap the satellite with highly polished material which has less emissivity so that it can reflect the radiation heat from the sun away from the main satellite body.

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A good reference on passive thermal systems for small cube satellites: 7.0 Thermal Control - NASA